Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative
The Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative (AUNI) works to improve community nutrition and health-particularly obesity, poor nutrition and related diseases such as diabetes-by developing and implementing a comprehensive set of activities in specified neighborhoods.  AUNI is a major component of the University of Pennsylvania's Netter Center for Community Partnerships' university-assisted community schools (UACS) program. A key component of UACS is academically based community service, a problem-solving approach to learning that simultaneously addresses community problems while improving education, K-16+.  This approach based upon UACS and academically based community service is also part of  a strategy for mobilizing and sustaining the resources and partnerships required to address these pressing national and international issues that manifest themselves locally.

 
THE PROBLEMS OF OBESITY, HEALTH AND EDUCATION
Recently, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) predicted that 33% of children born in the United States during 2005 would develop diabetes.  Among African-American children the projection is a staggering 50%.  Many of the schools in West Philadelphia served by AUNI have among the highest rates of childhood obesity in the nation, some of them higher than 20%.  According to the 2000 census, several of our partner neighborhoods in West Philadelphia rank among the poorest urban communities in the United States, lack basic resources such as grocery stores, and suffer from disproportionately high rates of diet-related disease.  Along with community health problems, West Philadelphia's minority, low-income populations face substantial education-related challenges, including high drop-out rates and poor academic achievement.


AUNI'S SOLUTION
The complex, pervasive and inter-related problems of obesity and diet-related disease require a solution that is comprehensive and incorporates work with education systems, food systems, the local environment, and other factors.

AUNI supports university-assisted community schools (UACS) so that schools become effective centers for improving nutrition and wellness and reducing the burden of obesity, for the students and the entire community.  AUNI organizes school day, after school and summer learning opportunities in twenty Philadelphia public schools, serving more than 10,000 students every month.  AUNI focuses on the engagement of young people, including university and public school students, as community problem solvers. Over the past decade, AUNI has worked with an increasing number of school and community partners.  At the same time, the program has become integrated into the workings of many courses at Penn across multiple departments and schools.  These community, school and University partners have helped us further develop all aspects of the program.

 
CORE APPROACHES
AUNI is based on several core approaches that foster long-term, action-oriented partnerships between schools, neighborhoods and universities.  
 
University-Anchored Partnerships
AUNI is housed at the University of Pennsylvania's Netter Center for Community Partnerships.  Like its parent organization, AUNI is based on the premise that universities are uniquely positioned to solve complex and interconnected problems of the American city.  AUNI links teaching, research and service, particularly academically based community service courses, from across the University to problem solving partnerships with the public schools.  This collaborative work typically involves many stakeholders, including Penn students and faculty and public school partners in efforts to address community problems and to bring about concrete and systemic change.  Penn is a leader of local, national and international networks of institutions of higher education committed to engagement with their local communities.  This linkage to the curriculum helps students K-16+ simultaneously to improve nutrition and academics. It is also our strategy to sustain AUNI by integrating the work into courses at the university level as well as into the public school curriculum.

University-Assisted Community Schools
Since 1985, collaboration between the University of Pennsylvania, led by the Netter Center for Community Partnerships, and West Philadelphia school and community partners, has helped to transform existing public schools into university-assisted community schools throughout the local neighborhoods. This approach focuses on the public school as the core institution, the hub, for community engagement and democratic development. AUNI supports university-assisted community school programs, including evening, weekend, extended day and summer activities, which are anchored in a close partnership with the school day curriculum.  Extended day and school day programs emphasize the integration of problem solving learning with academics and job-readiness and involve parents and families.

Real World Problem Solving
AUNI transcends traditional models of nutrition education by engaging learners in hands-on efforts to solve the systemic problems that manifest nutrition-related disease.  Students internalize healthy eating habits as they work to share these messages with the broader community. Students also work to improve their local food system and environment.  Furthermore, AUNI is based on the idea that program participants must be active participants in designing, operating and evaluating interventions if they are to be long-lasting and successful.   This approach also helps improve academic learning and engagement, K-16+.

Specific Geographic Areas
AUNI is increasingly focused on integrating and aggregating a critical mass of activities in a network of public schools that serve particular neighborhoods. This approach combines longitudinal involvement for children and families and neighborhood environmental change.

 
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
AUNI's major activities fit into five general categories.

1.  School Day Nutrition Education
Through Eat Right Now, the School District of Philadelphia's Comprehensive Nutrition Education Program, AUNI conducts nutrition education programs in 20 Philadelphia public schools.  The primary focus of Eat Right Now is on increasing the nutrition knowledge of K-12 students.  AUNI incorporates as many hands-on components (such as monthly healthy food tastings) into this program as possible. 

2.  Increasing Access to Healthy Foods
AUNI engages young people in organizing better choices for their communities through school and community based efforts.  Through AUNI, public school students work to improve lunchroom choices and operate after-school fruit stands.  AUNI also works with public school students to help neighborhood food stores create convenient healthy food stations and to operate community farmers' markets.

3.  Increasing Opportunities for Participation in Regular Physical Activity
Through school day, after-school, evening and summer programs, AUNI improves opportunities for youth and families to exercise regularly. AUNI works with PE teachers and school coordinators to improve exercise opportunities during PE class and recess time and, through the Netter Center for Community Partnerships' community schools program, AUNI offers family-oriented exercise classes during evening programs.

4.  School Gardens
AUNI builds and maintains school gardens to increase familiarity with healthy foods and as a food systems link to the science curriculum.  Several of the gardens also help increase access to healthy foods through connections with local farmers markets.  With the recent expansion of AUNI school day programs, many schools have yet to start a gardening project.  In these cases AUNI supports field trips and partnerships with existing community gardens.

5.  Youth-Led organizing, Peer Education and Internships
Increasingly, people recognize the important role that youth can play as organizers of solutions to societal problems on a variety of levels; as the deliverers of social and educational services, as the developers of model programs, and as key informants to policy makers. In addition to school day peer education, AUNI coordinates job-training and youth leadership programs for high school students. The AUNI internship program engages teens in organizing better food choices in their communities by working after school and during the summer.  AUNI interns combine direct service approaches, which include teaching healthy cooking classes to all ages and growing healthy foods in school gardens for sale at farmers' markets, with advocating for broader systems change. In spring 2008, AUNI high school interns are organizing the Youth Action Council for the Philadelphia Urban Food and Fitness Alliance (PUFFA).  They have also been highly involved in youth organizing on a regional and national level. 

AUNI AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
AUNI has been cited by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as one of four promising models for improving health and nutrition among children in the United States.  In 2003, the university-assisted community school programs supported by the Netter Center were recognized by the National Academy of Science as the winner of the W.T Grant Youth Development Award.  AUNI was one of three specific programs noted by the National Academy of Sciences' Board on Children, Youth and Families for "high-quality, evidence-based collaborative efforts that generate significant advances in knowledge while increasing the opportunities for young people."   In 2005, AUNI was recognized by Campus Compact as one of eight Exemplary Campus Community Partnerships in the United States.

In 2008, Penn was selected as one of three schools in the country to receive the Presidential Award for General Community Service as part of the Corporation for National and Community Service's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll Award.  Selected out of more than 500 institutions, Penn is being recognized for its overall efforts in community service and service-learning.  The Corporation's citation highlighted, "The University of Pennsylvania is an exemplar for its outstanding commitment to leveraging university resources to solve real world problems in their local community and beyond. Penn faculty, students, and staff participated in community service through a wide variety of service and service-learning programs. One strong and long-term project, coordinated through Penn's Netter Center for Community Partnerships, is the development and support of community schools in the neighborhood surrounding the university.  Community schools provide an array of educational, health, athletic, cultural, and other programs to the community.  Penn support includes a citywide youth basketball league, free health and dental screenings, tutoring and mentoring programs, afterschool and summer programs, and antitruancy efforts. Penn faculty teach more than 50 courses in the community. In addition, the Agatson Urban Nutrition Initiative, a health and wellness program incubated with a grant from Learn and Serve America, continues to expand from one school community in 1995 to 22 schools and10,000 students currently."

The Netter Center, our work in the community schools, and the Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative all received specific mention. AUNI has also received a lot of local recognition, including best year-round youth internship program by Work Ready Philadelphia, a program of the Philadelphia Youth Network (2007).

 
A REPLICABLE MODEL
AUNI believes this model is broadly replicable as a collaborative and sustainable approach to improve the health and education of community, school, and university partners.  AUNI is working with the Netter Center's local and national networks of universities committed to public service and UACS to support replication, adaptation and further development of this work.
 
© 2009 Barbara and Edward Netter Center for Community Partnerships, University of Pennsylvania
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