1. Keep forms simple and easy to scan.

Forms are now supported by several browsers. They add a powerful new dimension to Web pages by enabling viewers to initiate transactions such as requests for services, information, or products. Forms require a program on the server to execute the action. See your Web server administrator if you are interested in using forms in your pages. Many server administrators don't offer broad support of forms because of computer security concerns.

There is a limited set of input elements available for Web forms. The graphical character of these elements is preset, so you have little control over the look of each individual field. Use the general principles outlined in this guide and in the references to organize your forms cleanly. Keep similar input elements together, separate field groups with spacing, and avoid excessive rules and borders.

Each input element has specific capabilities:

• Text = One-line field of infinite or predefined width
• Text area = A rectangle + scroll bar; allows viewer to type a longer entry and see it while typing
• Radio buttons = For selecting one exclusive choice among a few
• Check boxes = For selecting nonexclusive choices among a few
• Pop-up list = For selecting one exclusive choice among several
• Scrollable list = For selecting nonexclusive choices among several

A good rule of thumb is to choose the simplest input type that will accommodate the choices you offer. In other words, don't use a pop-up list if a pair of radio buttons will do.

2. Other interactive elements serve special needs.

Among the other interactive elements now available on the Web are gateways to databases and software to facilitate secure financial transactions. These are not usually made generally available on Web servers because of the higher technical and security demands they make on server systems and administrative personnel. If you have a requirement for one of these services, consult your Web server administrator and/or contact webmaster@upenn.edu.